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How do I check sealant levels and how often should I check?

As a general rule, one should check sealant level every 1-3 months.

A critical but often-overlooked maintenance check is one’s sealant level. Tubeless tires are popular with mountain bikers as they reduce the risk of pinch-flats by eliminating the delicate inner tube, while at the same time improving traction by allowing use of lower tire pressures. 

To ensure optimal performance, it's essential to monitor and replenish the sealant periodically.

Understanding tubeless tire sealant:

Sealant typically consists of latex or synthetic compounds suspended in a liquid carrier. When a puncture occurs, the sealant is forced into the hole, where it coagulates and forms a seal. This process happens quickly and often without the rider even noticing.

How often should you check your sealant?

The frequency of sealant checks depends on several factors. As a general rule, one should check sealant level every 1-3 months. The conditions below may require more frequent checks. 

  1. Harsh terrain: Riding in rough terrain with sharp rocks and thorns increases the likelihood of punctures. In such conditions, it's advisable to inspect your sealant more often, perhaps every few weeks.
  2. Climate: Extreme temperatures can affect the viscosity and performance of tubeless tire sealant. In hot climates, the sealant may dry out faster, requiring more frequent replenishment. Conversely, in colder climates, the sealant may thicken, affecting its ability to flow and seal punctures effectively.
  3. Sealant type: Different sealant brands and formulas have varying lifespans. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's recommendations regarding sealant lifespan and maintenance. Avoid mixing brands. 

Signs that your sealant needs refreshing:

While adhering to a regular inspection schedule is essential, certain signs indicate that your tubeless tire sealant requires immediate attention:

  1. Loss of air pressure: If you notice a gradual decline in tire pressure between rides, it could indicate depletion or ineffective sealing. 
  2. Sealant drying out: Over time, sealant can dry out, forming clumps or thick residue inside the tire. This will reduce sealing effectiveness.
  3. Reduced sealant volume: You’ll want to maintain about 100 ml (½ cup) of liquid sealant in your tires. If you notice significantly less, you’ll want to top off or replace the sealant. 
  4. Sealant leaks: Examine the sidewalls, tread, and tire valve for any signs of sealant leaks. Patches of dried sealant or residue indicate leaks that should be addressed. 

How to check and refresh your sealant:

  1. Deflate your tire and using levers, remove one side of the tire bead/sidewall. 
  2. Clean the inside of the tire of any dried or old sealant.
  3. Inspect the rim tape for damage or areas where the sealant is seeping past the tape. If present, it may be a good idea to replace the rim tape.
  4. Add approximately 100ml (½ cup) of liquid sealant per tire. 
  5. Install the tire onto the rim and inflate, using an air compressor or purpose built pump, to reseat the tire. Positioning the air valve near the top of the wheel (away from the sealant puddle at the bottom) keeps things cleaner. 
  6. Rotate/spin the wheel/tire ensuring the sealant coats the inside of your tire evenly. Check for leaks.
  7. Clean surfaces of residual sealant. 
  8. Ride and enjoy!